Table of Contents
db_url (string)
lcr_gw_table (string)
id_column (string)
lcr_id_column (string)
gw_name_column (string)
ip_addr_column (string)
hostname_column (string)
port_column (string)
params_column (string)
uri_scheme_column (string)
transport_column (string)
strip_column (string)
tag_column (string)
flags_column (string)
defunct_column (string)
lcr_rule_table (string)
prefix_column (string)
from_uri_column (string)
request_uri_column (string)
stopper_column (string)
enabled_column (string)
lcr_rule_target_table (string)
rule_id_column (string)
gw_id_column (string)
priority_column (string)
weight_column (string)
lcr_count (integer)
gw_uri_avp (AVP string)
ruri_user_avp (AVP string)
tag_avp (AVP string)
flags_avp (AVP string)
defunct_capability (integer)
lcr_id_avp (AVP string)
defunct_gw_avp (AVP string)
lcr_rule_hash_size (integer)
lcr_gw_count (integer)
dont_strip_or_tag_flag (integer)
fetch_rows (integer)
List of Examples
db_url module parametergw_table module parameterid_column module
parameterlcr_id_column module
parametergw_name_column module parameterip_addr_column module
parameterhostname_column module parameterport_column module parameterparams_column module parameteruri_scheme_column module
parametertransport_column module
parameterstrip_column module
parametertag_column module parameterflags_column module parameterdefunct_column module parameterlcr_rule_table module parameterprefix_column module
parameterfrom_uri_column module parameterrequest_uri_column module parameterstopper_column module
parameter
enabled_column module
parameter
lcr_rule_target_table
module parameterrule_id_column module
parameter
gw_id_column module
parameter
priority_column module
parameterweight_column module
parameterlcr_count module
parameter
gw_uri_avp module
parameterruri_user_avp module parametertag_avp module parameterflags_avp module parameterdefunct_capability module
parameter
lcr_id_avp module
parameterdefunct_gw_avp module
parameterlcr_rule_hash_size module
parameter
lcr_gw_count module parameter
dont_strip_or_tag_flag module
parameter
fetch_rows parameterload_gws usagenext_gw usage from a route blocknext_gw usage from a failure
route block
defunct_gw usagefrom_gw usagefrom_gw usageto_gw usageto_gw usagelcr.reload RPC examplelcr.dump_gws RPC examplelcr.dump_rules RPC examplelcr.defunct_gw RPC exampleTable of Contents
db_url (string)
lcr_gw_table (string)
id_column (string)
lcr_id_column (string)
gw_name_column (string)
ip_addr_column (string)
hostname_column (string)
port_column (string)
params_column (string)
uri_scheme_column (string)
transport_column (string)
strip_column (string)
tag_column (string)
flags_column (string)
defunct_column (string)
lcr_rule_table (string)
prefix_column (string)
from_uri_column (string)
request_uri_column (string)
stopper_column (string)
enabled_column (string)
lcr_rule_target_table (string)
rule_id_column (string)
gw_id_column (string)
priority_column (string)
weight_column (string)
lcr_count (integer)
gw_uri_avp (AVP string)
ruri_user_avp (AVP string)
tag_avp (AVP string)
flags_avp (AVP string)
defunct_capability (integer)
lcr_id_avp (AVP string)
defunct_gw_avp (AVP string)
lcr_rule_hash_size (integer)
lcr_gw_count (integer)
dont_strip_or_tag_flag (integer)
fetch_rows (integer)
The Least Cost Routing (LCR) module implements capability to serially forward a request to one or more gateways so that the order in which the gateways is tried is based on admin defined "least cost" rules.
The LCR module supports many independent LCR instances (gateways and least cost rules). Each such instance has its own LCR instance identifier. Identifiers of normal LCR instances are positive integers. Gateways may belong to special LCR instance with identifier 0 meaning that such gateways belong to all normal LCR instances.
For the purpose of facilitating least cost routing of requests, each gateway of an LCR instance is associated with one or more <prefix, from uri pattern, request uri pattern, priority, weight> tuples. A gateway matches a request if user part of the Request-URI matches a "prefix", the caller's URI matches a "From-URI" pattern and the callee's URI matches a "Request-URI" pattern in a tuple that is associated with the gateway.
When the function load_gws() is called, matching gateways (that are not currently designated as defunct) are ordered for forwarding purposes as follows:
(1) according to longest Request-URI user part match
(2) according to tuple's priority
(3) according to tuple's randomized weight
A tuple can be marked as a "stopper" tuple. If a "stopper" tuple matches, then matching stops at it and all other tuples with shorter prefixes are not considered.
Prefix is a string of characters or NULL. From-URI pattern and Request-URI pattern are regular expressions (see 'man pcresyntax' for syntax), an empty string, or NULL. An empty or NULL From-URI pattern, Request-URI pattern or prefix matches anything. Smaller priority value means higher priority (highest priority value being 0 and lowest being 255).
Weight is an integer value from 1 to 254. Weight implementation is fast, but unfair favoring larger weight values at the expense smaller ones. For example, if two gateways have weights 1 and 2, probability that the gateway with weight 1 is tried first is 1/4, not 1/3. Two scripts are provided in lcr/utils directory that can be used to check the probabilities resulting from a given set of weight values. Same can be done with command 'kamctl eval_weights'.
The function next_gw() can then be used to select one gateway at a time for forwarding. Upon each call, unless "dont_strip_or_tag_flag" flag is set, user part of the original Request-URI is first stripped by the number of characters as specified by the gateway's strip count and then prefixed by the gateway's prefix. Upon each call, if a gateway's hostname is NULL, Request-URI will be rewritten based on gateway's URI scheme, IP address, port, parameters, and transport protocol. If hostname is not NULL and IP address is NULL, Request-URI will be rewritten based on the gateway's URI scheme, hostname, port, parameters and transport protocol. If both hostname and IP address are not NULL, Request-URI will be rewritten based on gateway's URI scheme, hostname, and parameters, and destination URI is set based on gateway's URI scheme, IP address, port, and transport protocol.
Valid URI scheme values are NULL = sip, 1 = sip and 2 = sips. Currently valid transport protocol values are NULL and 0 = none, 1 = udp, 2 = tcp, 3 = tls, and 4 = sctp.
As a side effect of gateway selection, selected gateway's tag and flags (that may contain information about the gateway and its capabilities) are stored to tag_avp and flags_avp, respectively, if the corresponding module parameter has been defined.
The following modules must be loaded before this module:
A database module like mysql, postgres or dbtext.
URL of the database table to be used.
Default value is “mysql://openserro:openserro@localhost/openser”.
Example 1.1. Setting db_url module parameter
...
modparam("lcr","db_url","dbdriver://username:password@dbhost/dbname")
...
Name of the table holding gateways definitions.
Default value is “lcr_gw”.
Name of the auto-increment, primary key column. Common to all lcr module tables.
Default value is “id”.
Name of the column holding the identifier of an LCR instance. Common to all lcr module tables. In lcr_rule and lcr_rule_target tables, value of the column is integer from 1 to lcr_count. In lcr_gw table, value of the column is from 0 to lcr_count.
Default value is “lcr_id”.
Example 1.4. Setting lcr_id_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "lcr_id_column", "lcr_identifier")
...
Name of the column holding gateway's name for documentation purpose.
Default value is “gw_name”.
Example 1.5. Setting gw_name_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "gw_name_column", "name")
...
Name of the column holding the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the gateway.
Default value is “ip_addr”.
Example 1.6. Setting ip_addr_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "ip_addr_column", "ip")
...
Name of the column holding gateway's hostname that is used in Request-URI hostpart, when request is sent to the gateway.
Default value is “hostname”.
Example 1.7. Setting hostname_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "hostname_column", "host")
...
Name of the column holding the port number of the gateway.
Default value is “port”.
Name of the column holding gateway's parameters that is used in Request-URI, when request is sent to the gateway.
Default value is “params”.
Example 1.9. Setting params_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "params_column", "parameters")
...
Name of the column holding the uri scheme of the gateway.
Default value is “uri_scheme”.
Example 1.10. Setting uri_scheme_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "uri_scheme_column", "uri_scheme")
...
Name of the column holding the transport protocol to be used for the gateway.
Default value is “transport”.
Example 1.11. Setting transport_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "transport_column", "trans")
...
Name of the column holding the number of characters to be stripped from the front of Request-URI user part before inserting tag.
Default value is “strip”.
Example 1.12. Setting strip_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "strip_column", "strip_count")
...
Name of the column holding gateway specific tag string that is added to Request URI userpart after stripping.
Default value is “tag”.
Name of the column holding gateway specific flag values.
Default value is “flags”.
Example 1.14. Setting flags_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "flags_column", "gw_flags")
...
Name of the column holding UNIX timestamp telling the time until which the gw is considered as defunct. If timestamp value is 4294967295 (= max UNIX timestamp value) or greater, gw is considered currently unused and is not loaded into memory at all.
Default value is “defunct”.
Example 1.15. Setting defunct_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "defunct_column", "defunct_until")
...
Name of the table holding the LCR rules.
Default value is “lcr_rule”.
Example 1.16. Setting lcr_rule_table module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "lcr_rule_table", "rules")
...
Name of the column holding prefix of Request-URI user part and prefix of gateway.
Default value is “prefix”.
Example 1.17. Setting prefix_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "prefix_column", "number_prefix")
...
Name of the column holding the From (caller's) URI.
Default value is “from_uri”.
Example 1.18. Setting from_uri_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "from_uri_column", "caller_uri")
...
Name of the column holding the regular expression to match against the complete request URI (including the "sip:" prefix).
Default value is “request_uri”.
Example 1.19. Setting request_uri_column module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "request_uri_column", "callee_uri")
...
Name of the column holding rule's stopper attribute.
Default value is “stopper”.
Example 1.20. Setting stopper_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "stopper_column", "stop")
...
Name of the column telling is the rule is currently enabled or disabled.
Default value is “enabled”.
Example 1.21. Setting enabled_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "enabled_column", "in_use")
...
Name of the table holding information about the LCR rule targets (gateways).
Default value is “lcr_rule_target”.
Example 1.22. Setting lcr_rule_target_table
module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "lcr_rule_target_table", "rules")
...
Name of lcr_rule_target_table column containing an id of lcr_rule table.
Default value is “rule_id”.
Example 1.23. Setting rule_id_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "rule_id_column", "rule")
...
Name of lcr_rule_target_table column containing an id of lcr_gw table.
Default value is “gw_id”.
Name of the column holding the priority of the rule target.
Default value is “priority”.
Example 1.25. Setting priority_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "priority_column", "priority")
...
Name of the column holding weight of rule target.
Default value is “weight”.
Example 1.26. Setting weight_column module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr","weight_column", "target_weight")
...
Maximun value of lcr_id.
Default value is 1.
Internal AVP that load_gws() function uses to store information of matching gateways.
There is NO default value, thus this variable must be defined in sip-router.cfg.
Example 1.28. Setting gw_uri_avp module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "gw_uri_avp", "$avp(i:709)")
...
Internal AVP that next_gw function uses to store Request-URI user for subsequent next_gw calls.
There is NO default value, thus this variable must be defined in sip-router.cfg.
Example 1.29. Setting ruri_user_avp module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "ruri_user_avp", "$avp(i:500)")
...
If defined, an AVP where successful next_gw and from_gw functions store gateway's tag.
There is NO default value, i.e, if not defined, gateway's tag is not stored anywhere.
If defined, an AVP where successful next_gw and from_gw functions store gateway's flags.
There is NO default value, i.e, if not defined, gateway's flags are not stored anywhere.
Example 1.31. Setting flags_avp module parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "flags_avp", "$avp(i:712)")
...
Tells if defunct capability of (non-responsive) gateways is supported. Non-zero value turns on defunct capability.
Default value is 0.
Example 1.32.
Setting defunct_capability module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "defunct_capability", 1)
...
Internal AVP that load_gws() function uses to store LCR instance identifier of loaded gateways. Only needed if gateway defunct capability has been activated.
There is NO default value.
Example 1.33. Setting lcr_id_avp module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "lcr_id_avp", "$avp(s:lcr_id_avp)")
...
Internal AVP that next_gw() function uses to store internal index of the selected gateway for later use by defunct_gw() function. Only needed if gateway defunct capability has been activated.
There is NO default value.
Example 1.34. Setting defunct_gw_avp module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "defunct_gw_avp", "$avp(s:defunct_gw_avp)")
...
Defines the size of hash table used to store LCR rules. Hashing is done based on rule's prefix. Larger value means less collisions with other prefixes. Hash size value should be a power of 2.
Default value is 128.
Example 1.35.
Setting lcr_rule_hash_size module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "lcr_rule_hash_size", 1024)
...
Defines the maximum number of gateways in lcr_gw table.
Default value is 128.
Defines the flag number used to tell if stripping and tagging is done for the selected gateway.
Default value is -1 meaning that the flag is not defined.
Example 1.37.
Setting dont_strip_or_tag_flag module
parameter
...
modparam("lcr", "dont_strip_or_tag_flag", 10)
...
The number of the rows to be fetched at once from database when loading data from lcr_rule table. This value can be used to tune the load time at startup. For 1MB of private memory (default) it should be below 3750. In order for this parameter to have effect, the database driver must support fetch_result() capability.
Default value is “1024”.
Loads attributes of matching gateways to gw_uri_avp (see Overview section). Argument lcr_id specifies the used LCR instance. It can be a positive integer or a pseudo variable containing an integer value. If uri_user is given, it is used, instead of Request-URI user part, to look for matching gateways. Caller's URI may be given by caller_uri argument. If caller_uri argument is omitted, it defaults to empty string. Both uri_user and caller_uri argument may be a string or a pseudo variable containing a sting value.
Returns 1 if at least one matching gateway was found, 2 if no matching gateways was found, and -1 on error.
Execution time of load_gws() function is O(N) * O(M), where N is number of different prefix lengths and M is number of collisions for matching prefix(es) in lcr rules hash table of the LCR instance.
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.
Example 1.39. load_gws usage
...
if (!load_gws(1, $rU, $var(caller_uri))) {
sl_send_reply("500", "Server Internal Error - Cannot load gateways");
exit;
};
...
Upon first call, fetches attribute values stored in first gw_uri_avp, destroys that AVP, and rewrites Request-URI and possibly also destination URI as described in the Overview section. Saves user part of Request-URI into ruri_user_avp for use in subsequent next_gw() calls.
Upon subsequent calls, does the same as in above, but takes user part of Request-URI from ruri_user_avp.
As a side effect, stores gateway's tag and flags to tag_avp and flags_avp, respectively, if the corresponding module parameter has been defined.
Returns 1 on success and -1 if there were no gateways left or if an error occurred (see syslog).
Must be preceded by successful load_gws() call.
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE.
Example 1.40. next_gw usage from a route block
...
if (!next_gw()) {
sl_send_reply("503", "Service not available - No gateways");
exit;
};
...
Example 1.41. next_gw usage from a failure
route block
...
if (!next_gw()) {
t_reply("503", "Service not available - No more gateways");
exit;
};
...
Defuncts gateway denoted by lcr_id_avp and defunct_gw_avp (which were set by previuos next_gw() call) for a period of seconds given as argument. Argument must be a positive integer constant or a pseudo variable with positive integer value. Value of defunct column in database is not updated.
Returns 1 on success and -1 in case of error (see syslog).
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE.
Checks if request comes from IP address and transport protocol specified for a gateway in LCR instance lcr_id. Fails if the LCR instance includes one or more gateways without IP address. IP address and transport protocol to be checked are either taken from source IP address of the request or (if present) from ip_addr and proto arguments.
lcr_id can be an integer constant or a pseudo variable holding an integer value. ip_addr can be a string or a pseudo variable holding a string value. proto can be an integer constant (0 = ANY, 1 = UDP, 2 = TCP, 3 = TLS, 4 = SCTP) or a pseudo variable holding such an integer value.
If request comes from a gateway, gateway's tag and flags are stored as a side effect to tag_avp and flags_avp, respectively, if the corresponding module parameter has been defined.
Returns 1 on success and -1 on failure or on error.
Execution time of from_gw() function is O(log N), where N is number of gateways in the LCR instance.
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE, ONREPLY_ROUTE.
Checks if request comes from IP address and transport protocol specified for any gateway. Only LCR instances, where all gateways have IP address, are included in the test. IP address and transport protocol to be checked are either taken from source IP address and transport protocol of the request or (if present) from ip_addr and proto arguments. See from_gw() function for more info about the arguments.
If any gateway has the IP address and transport protocol, function returns LCR identifier of the gateway. Returns -1 on error or if the request does not come from a gateway.
If request comes from a gateway, gateway's tag and flags are stored as a side effect to tag_avp and flags_avp, respectively, if the corresponding module parameter has been defined.
Execution time of from_gw() function is M * O(log N), where M is number of LCR instances and N is average number of gateways in LCR instances.
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE, ONREPLY_ROUTE.
Checks if in-dialog request goes to IP address and transport protocol specified for a gateway in LCR instance lcr_id. Fails if LCR instance includes one or more gateways without IP address. IP address and transport protocol to be checked are either taken from Request-URI or (if present) from ip_addr and proto arguments. See from_gw() for more info regarding the arguments.
Returns 1 on success and -1 on failure and error.
Execution time of to_gw() function is O(log N), where N is number of gateways in the LCR instance.
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE.
Checks if in-dialog request goes to IP address and transport protocol of any gateway. Only LCR instances, where all gateways have IP address, are included in the test. IP address and transport protocol to be checked are either taken from Request-URI or (if present) from ip_addr and proto arguments. See from_gw() for more info regarding the arguments.
Execution time of to_any_gw() function is M * O(log N), where M is number of LCR instances and N is average number of gateways in LCR instances.
If any gateway has the IP address, returns LCR identifier of the gateway. Returns -1 if request does not go to a gateway and on error.
This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE.
Causes lcr module to re-read the contents of LCR tables into memory.
Name: lcr.reload
Parameters: none
Causes lcr module to dump the contents of its in-memory gw table.
Parameters: none
Causes lcr module to dump the contents of its in-memory lcr_rule and lcr_rule_target tables.
Parameters: none