Table of Contents
write_db_url (string)
read_db_url (string)
reg_db_table (string)
id_column (string)
num_column (string)
url_column (string)
status_column (string)
failover_time_column (string)
spare_flag_column (string)
error_column (string)
risk_group_column (string)
expire_time (int)
db_err_threshold (int)
failover_level (int)
db_retry_interval (int)
db_use_transactions (int)
db_transaction_level (string)
write_on_master_db (int)
write_on_db (int)
connection_expires (int)
alg_location (int)
domain_db(str)
default_db_type(str)
db_ops_ruid (int)
db_update_as_insert (string)
default_db_url(str)
load_ul_db_api(ul_db_api_t * api)
int (* ul_db_insert_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_update_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_op_t * _op, db_val_t* _v, db_key_t* _uk,
db_val_t* _uv, int _n, int _un);
int (* ul_db_insert_update_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_replace_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_delete_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_op_t* _o, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_query_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second, db_con_t *** _r_h,
db_key_t* _k, db_op_t* _op, db_val_t* _v, db_key_t* _c,
int _n, int _nc, db_key_t _o, db_res_t** _r);
int (* ul_db_free_result_t)(db_con_t ** dbh, db_res_t * res);
List of Examples
write_db_url parameterread_db_url parameterreg_db_table parameterid_column parameternum_column parameterurl_column parameterstatus_column parameterfailover_time_column parameterspare_flag_column parametererror_column parameterrisk_group_column parameterexpire_time parameterdb_err_threshold parameterfailover_level parameterdb_retry_interval parameterdb_use_transactions parameterdb_transaction_level parameterwrite_on_master_db parameterwrite_on_db parameterconnection_expires parameteralg_location parameterdomain_db parameterdefault_db_type parameterdb_ops_ruid parameterdb_update_as_insert parameterdefault_db_type parameterdb_mode parameterTable of Contents
write_db_url (string)
read_db_url (string)
reg_db_table (string)
id_column (string)
num_column (string)
url_column (string)
status_column (string)
failover_time_column (string)
spare_flag_column (string)
error_column (string)
risk_group_column (string)
expire_time (int)
db_err_threshold (int)
failover_level (int)
db_retry_interval (int)
db_use_transactions (int)
db_transaction_level (string)
write_on_master_db (int)
write_on_db (int)
connection_expires (int)
alg_location (int)
domain_db(str)
default_db_type(str)
db_ops_ruid (int)
db_update_as_insert (string)
default_db_url(str)
The p_usrloc module is built upon the usrloc module and provides the same usrloc export to the registrar module (for example). The usrloc module must not be loaded at the same time with the p_usrloc module. The parameters and the interface for the p_usrloc module are thus almost the same, so in this document only extra parameters (specific only to p_usrloc module) and differences are noted. For a complete description of the paramters that are inherited from usrloc see the page here. Note that the modparam statement must still refer to the p_usrloc module.
The goal of the p_usrloc module is to provide partionioned user location service to Kamailio/SER. This provides three major benefits:
Redundancy Failure of a location database does not mean that the location service is down
Load Balancing DB performance is greatly increased as queries are automatically split on a pool of ID(number configurable at runtime). Furthermore, a read only db handler can be used to further increase the spead of the "select" queries.
Failover A faulty DB server is detected and taken out. When it recovers, the module makes sure that no stale contacts are returned from it.
Write queries are replicated to two or more databases, depending on some distribution keys, e.g. the username and domain the subscribers. The number of databases used for replication is configurable at compile time by modifying the DB_NUM define. Its main field of application is for storing and retrieving location data. The actual database for this subscriber is choosen from a set that is specified in the master database. Read queries are executed on one database of the set. If this database is not available, the other database would be used. This failure is recorded in the master database.
Connections to the distributed databases are setup prior the actual query is executed. The module maintains a cache of the database handles to provide better performance. This handles are periodically checked if there are still valid and if needed updated from the master database. As default only one key is used for the database lookup, but the additional usage of a second one is possible.
Changes in the master database are autodetected. For better performance it is possible to use one read-only instance, that is locally installed, and write only errors and other status information to a central master database. It is also possible to specify different failover schemas and even use transaction to provide additional data safety. This module could further try to minimise the impact of a database error with the usage of spare databases that are automatically activated. It also supports the manual deactivation of redundant databases for maintenance purposes.
The following modules must be loaded before this module:
a database module necessary to connect to the master database and to the distributed databases.
The url to the master database where errors are written to.
Default value is “mysql://kamailio:kamailiorw@localhost/kamailio”
Example 1.1. Set write_db_url parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "write_db_url", "mysql://username:password@localhost/databasename")
...
The url to the master database where the distribution data is read from. It is seperated from write access, so for better performance, a local replicate can be used for read access.
Default value is mysql://kamailio:kamailiorw@localhost/kamailio .
Example 1.2. Set read_db_url parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "read_db_url", "mysql://user:passwd@localhost/db")
...
Specifies the table where the information about the distributed databases is stored.
Default value is “locdb”.
Specifies the column where the id of a distributed database is stored.
Default value is “id”.
Specifies the column where the associated number of the distributed database is stored. For each distributed database ID there must be at least two databases available, the databases above the second are ignored.
Default value is “no”.
Specifies the column where the url of the distributed database is stored.
Default value is “url”.
Specifies the column where the status of the distributed database is stored.
Default value is “status”.
Specifies the column where the failover time of the location databases is stored. This field is set to the current time when a databases is turned off or turned on.
Default value is “failover”.
Example 1.8. Set failover_time_column parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "failover_time_column", "fail")
...
Specifies the column where the spare flag of the location databases is stored. It is possible to declare an entry in the p_usrloc table as spare which is used in a failover. Due to the fact that the data is stored in two databases and it takes the spare the complete expire time to be up to date, it is not very useful.
Default value is “spare”.
Example 1.9. Set spare_flag_column parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "spare_flag_column", "spare")
...
Specifies the column where the errors of the distributed databases are stored. Each call to db_handle_error increases the error counter. After exceeding the error threshold, the database's status is set to off.
Default value is “errors”.
Specifies the column where the risk group of the distributed databases is stored. All databases on one host are in the same risk group. This is only useful when using spares and prevents the module from taking a spare which shares the same risk as the broken database.
Default value is “rg”.
Example 1.11. Set risk_group_column parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "risk_group_column", "rg")
...
Specifies the time (in seconds) when a contact expires, used for resetting the failover time of a reactivated database. It should be equal or greater than the contact expiration time of the registrar module.
Default value is “3600”.
Specifies the error value on which a database shall be turned of.
Default value is “50”.
Specifies the manner a failover is done. Following modes are supported:
1 - Just turn off the broken database
2 - Try to find a spare, if none found, just turn off the broken database
Default value is “1”.
Specifies the interval (in seconds) in which a timer process shall check the availability of the databases and try to reconnect to broken ones. It don't make sense to choose a lower value as 10. It's necessary to provide a writeable master database, otherwise this check stays disabled.
Default value is “10”.
Example 1.15. Set db_retry_interval parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "db_retry_interval", "10")
...
Specifies if transactions should be used (set to 1) to reach a higher data consistency. Keep in mind that this will probably decrease performance.
Default value is “0”.
Example 1.16. Set db_use_transactions parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "db_use_transactions", "0")
...
Specifies the isolation level on which transactions are performed. Possible values: Modes supported by the database backend. In order to activate transaction the db_use_transactions parameter must be also set.
Default value is “READ UNCOMMITED”.
Example 1.17. Set db_transaction_level parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "db_transaction_level", "READ UNCOMMITED")
...
Sets the write access to the master database. If set to 0, no write operations are permitted on the master database.
Default value is “0”.
Example 1.18. Set write_on_master_db parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "write_on_master_db", "0")
...
Sets the write access to the distributed databases. If set to 0, no write operations are permitted on the databases.
Default value is “0”.
Specifies the period (in seconds) after a database connection expires. Usage of a too small value will probably decrease the performance.
Default value is “300”.
Example 1.20. Set connection_expires parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "connection_expires", "300")
...
Specify the way the distribution of the subscriptions are computed. At the moment the only way is to use the CRC32 algorithm to compute the location ID. Any integer value is fine.
Default value is “0”.
Specify the way the lookup is made. In can be either partitioned or single. For example, if you have a location table that is large and needs to be partitioned, and a smaller table cfa that is ok to be on only the master db(so there is no need to have it distributed), you can set this parameter to “location=cluster,cfa=single”. This means that a call to
lookup(location)
will be done via the partition databases configured via the reg_db_table parameter, but a call to
lookup(cfa)
will be done on only the master database (as with usrloc module)
Default value is “location=cluster,cfa=single”.
Example 1.22. Set domain_db parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "domain_db", "location=cluster,cfa=single")
...
In case a domain (like location,cfa) is not matched by a domain_db definition, the type is configured by using this parameter. Accepted values are single and cluster.
Default value is “single”.
Example 1.23. Set default_db_type parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "default_db_type", "cluster")
...
If set to 1, database queries for update or delete are done using ruid value. If it is set to 0, the old style using aor, contact and call-id is done.
Default value is “1”.
The URL of the default database for Location domains (for domains that are single). This must be configured if they are use.
Default value is “DEFAULT_DB_URL”.
Example 1.26. Set default_db_type parameter
...
modparam("p_usrloc", "default_db_url", "mysql://ser:ser@localhost/ser")
...
The p_usrloc module must utilize database for persistent contact storage. Only mode 3 is possible at this time. Because of the way other matching mode work, they make no sense on a distributed environment.
3 - DB-Only scheme. No memory cache is kept, all operations being directly performed with the database. The timer deletes all expired contacts from database - cleans after clients that didn't un-register or re-register. The mode is useful if you configure more servers sharing the same DB without any replication at SIP level. The mode may be slower due the high number of DB operation. For example NAT pinging is a killer since during each ping cycle all nated contact are loaded from the DB; The lack of memory caching also disable the statistics exports.
Default value is 3.
Before running Kamailio with p_usrloc, you have to setup the master database table where the module will find data about the distributed databases. For that, if the table was not created by the installation script or you choose to install everything by yourself you can use the p_usrloc-create.sql SQL script in the database directories in the utils/kamctl/mysql/ folder as template. Database and table name can be set with module parameters so they can be changed, but the name of the columns must be as they are in the SQL script. You can also find the complete database documentation on the project webpage, https://www.kamailio.org/docs/db-tables/kamailio-db-devel.html.
Example 1.28. Example database content - reg_table (locdb) table
... +----+----+------+--------+--------+---------------------+-------+----+ | id | no | url | status | errors | failover | spare | rg | +----+----+------+--------+--------+---------------------+-------+----+ | 1 | 1 | URL1 | 1 | 0 | 1900-01-01 00:00:01 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 2 | URL2 | 1 | 0 | 1900-01-01 00:00:01 | 0 | 0 | | 2 | 1 | URL3 | 1 | 0 | 1900-01-01 00:00:01 | 0 | 0 | | 2 | 2 | URL4 | 1 | 0 | 1900-01-01 00:00:01 | 0 | 0 | +----+----+------+--------+--------+---------------------+-------+----+ ...
The URLs are omitted for a better overview, but you can use standard Kamailio database URLs like mysql://kamailio:kamailiorw@localhost/kamailio Databases don't need to be on different hosts, e.g. for testing purposes.
This table contains two database groups. The first with id one, and the second with the id two.
The module supports the decativation of redundant databases for maintenance reasons. This can be done by setting the status column of the respective database in the p_usrloc to the value “2”. This setting is autodetected from all modules on the server cluster. Changes in the locdb table are periodically polled with help of a timer process. After one minute the all read and write traffic is removed from the deactivated database, and maintenance can be done.
In order to activate the database again, after the maintenance has been finished, the respective status column needs to be set to “0”. This is autodetected as well, the first module that noticed the change will set the status column to “1” and setting the failover column to the current time and date. Write requests are now transfered again to the database, but no reads are done yet.
After the configured expire_time has been passed, i.e. every contact has been inserted at least one time in the database the respective failover time column is set to the default value again. The database is then also used to read contacts from, the cluster is in normal operation with full redundancy again.
Table of Contents
load_ul_db_api(ul_db_api_t * api)
int (* ul_db_insert_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_update_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_op_t * _op, db_val_t* _v, db_key_t* _uk,
db_val_t* _uv, int _n, int _un);
int (* ul_db_insert_update_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_replace_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_delete_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second,
db_key_t* _k, db_op_t* _o, db_val_t* _v, int _n)
int (* ul_db_query_t) (str * table, str * first, str * second, db_con_t *** _r_h,
db_key_t* _k, db_op_t* _op, db_val_t* _v, db_key_t* _c,
int _n, int _nc, db_key_t _o, db_res_t** _r);
int (* ul_db_free_result_t)(db_con_t ** dbh, db_res_t * res);
These are the primary functions that are used to perform the SQL queries.
Import the dbd API, setup the master database connection.
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
api - Pointer to distributed database API structure
Lookup the first and if needed the second key, and insert the given values into the choosen databases.
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
table - Pointer to the table name.
first - Pointer to the first key.
second - Pointer to the second key.
_k - Pointer to the inserted db keys.
_v - Pointer to the inserted db values.
_n - Number of key-value pairs in _k and _v parameters.
Lookup the first and if needed the second key, and update the given values in the choosen databases.
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
table - Pointer to the table name.
first - Pointer to the first key.
second - Pointer to the second key.
_k - Pointer to the db keys that will be matched.
_op - Pointer to the db options for this operation.
_v - Pointer to the db values that will be matched.
_uk - Pointer to the updated db keys.
_uv - Pointer to the updated db values.
_n - Number of key-value pairs in _k and _v parameters.
_un - Number of key-value pairs in _uk and _uv parameters.
Lookup the first and if needed the second key, and insert on duplicate key update the given values in the choosen databases. This is like an insert, but update if the key already exist.
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
table - Pointer to the table name.
first - Pointer to the first key.
second - Pointer to the second key.
_k - Pointer to the inserted or updated db keys.
_v - Pointer to the inserted or updated db values.
_n - Number of key-value pairs in _k and _v parameters.
Lookup the first and if needed the second key, and replace the given values in the choosen databases.
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
table - Pointer to the table name.
first - Pointer to the first key.
second - Pointer to the second key.
_k - Pointer to the replaced db keys.
_v - Pointer to the replaced db values.
_n - Number of key-value pairs in _k and _v parameters.
Lookup the first and if needed the second key, and delete the given values into the choosen databases.
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
table - Pointer to the table name.
first - Pointer to the first key.
second - Pointer to the second key.
_k - Pointer to the deleted db keys.
_op - Pointer to the db options for this operation.
_v - Pointer to the deleted db values.
_n - Number of key-value pairs in _k and _v parameters.
Lookup the first and if needed the second key, and performs a query in one of the choosen databases. The returned handle _r_h must be used to free the result set after the usage of the returned database entries, otherwise a memory leak will occur.You must call ul_db_free_result before you can call ul_db_query again!
Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
table - Pointer to the table name.
first - Pointer to the first key.
second - Pointer to the second key.
_r_h - Pointer to the result handle, to free the result.
_op - Pointer to the db options for this operation.
_k - Pointer to the queried db keys.
_v - Pointer to the queried db values.
_c - Pointer to the db keys that should be returned.
_n - Number of key-value pairs in _k and _v parameters.
_nc - Number of key-value pairs in _c parameter.
_o - Order by options for the query.
_nc - Pointer to the result set.