The SIP code 503 is tricky in the sense that i can
indicate either server maintenance or server overload. In both cases it can send
Retry-After header and any subsequent requests from same source are ignored for the
duration of Retry-After interval. [1].
Additionally RFC3261 and RFC3263 define that transport failures (generally due to fatal
ICMP errors in UDP and connection failures in TCP) should be treated as 503 response.
[2].
So in all above cases, it is most likely that dialog does not establishes at all and 503
response is treated similar to stateless response. Therefore, a to-tag can be
added/replaced before sending it to UAC.
Theoretically, kamailio should check and use to-tag from 503 response when converting it
to 500 response and only create new to-tag if it is absent.
References:
[1]
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3261#section-21.5.4
[2]
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hilt-sip-correction-503-01#section-4
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